Nomenclatura de alcanos ramificados y funciones químicas

Para nombrar a los alcanos ramificados, se requiere conocer a los radicales alquino (ramificaciones).
Un redical alquino resulta de quitar (imaginariamente) un hidrógeno a un alcano.
La terminación ano del alcano se sustituye poi il o ilo
ejemplo: CH4 metano    CH3  metil
algunos ejemplos se danen la tabla

Número de Carbonos                                                      Radical alquino

(1) CH3                                                                                metil

(2) CH3-CH2                                                                       etil

(3) CH2-CH2-CH2                                                              propil

(3) CH3-CH                                                                         Isopropil
             ι
           CH3

(4) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2                                                    butil

(4) CH3-CH-CH2                                                                Isobutil
                  ι
               CH2

(4) CH3-CH2-CH-CH3                                                      Sec-Butil
                           ι
(4) CH3-C-CH3                                                                   Ter-butil
                ι              CH3

(5) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2                                            Pentil

(5) CH3-CH-CH2-CH2                                                        Isopentil                  
                       ι
                    CH3
                 
(5) CH3-C-CH3                                                                    Ter-pentil                                              
                ι               CH2
                ι               CH3

(5)            CH3                                                                       Neo-pentil
                     ι           CH3-C-CH2
                     ι